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Blog

Earlier this week, we hosted a webinar on the topic of “How to Cut Risks and Costs with a Downtime Analysis & Action Plan.” We know from our experience in application availability that many companies avoid these types of assessments – they either don't know where to start or decide that they don’t have the time or experience to conduct an assessment, so they just live with the unknowns and hope that nothing bad happens. (We’ve seen the consequences of downtime at many companies and don’t recommend this method!)

Our VP of Services & Support, Beth Shea, explored this topic in detail and provided a simple framework that companies can use today to uncover their risks and put measures in place to minimize the impact of downtime. To learn more, be sure to watch the 30-minute webinar. You can also check out the Q&A session from the webinar, summarized below.

Q: When looking at the impact of downtime, it is just unplanned downtime, or should you include planned downtime as well?
You absolutely need to plan for both planned and unplanned downtime, as there’s a real cost and business impact to both. They both need to be included in your impact assessment.

Q: What about branch offices – should they be included in a downtime assessment?
According to Forrester Research, about 20% of a company’s business is tied up in branch and remote offices, and IT needs to include these offices in any assessment that they are conducting. You shouldn’t overlook these offices when putting together your downtime and business impact assessments. They have to be factored in.

Q: How often should I conduct a business impact and risk assessment?
What we’ve found with our customers is that conducting an annual assessment is sufficient, or in some cases, twice a year, depending on the type of business. You can then use these as your benchmark going forward to determine the success of the initiative and ensure that you have the key metrics to report to your management team.

Q: How do you determine when to use local high availability vs. a disaster recovery solution?
Fault tolerance, high availability, disaster recovery - all of these different terms can be confusing and they can have different meanings to different people. The way we think of this is that when you’re implementing high availability or fault tolerance this is to ensure that locally you are protected against the everyday, nuisance failures that cause downtime. If you lose a fan or a drive for example, you would automatically route to another server within the same building or local area. Disaster recovery solutions are really for recovery from catastrophes (fire, flood) or other events where you need to failover to a much more distant location. You don’t want to use this type of solution for everyday failures, as it can be very time consuming to failover and failback, and you can potentially lose some data. For local protection, you want high availability/fault tolerant solutions.

Q: What about hosted applications like salesforce.com, how do I account for those in this type of assessment?
In today’s world, so many applications are offered as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) or sometimes called hosted applications, where they are no longer hosted at your site. However, they are still important to your business and need to be included as part of your overall assessment. Our approach is to conduct the assessment for your SaaS applications as if all they were onsite. Then use your tiered analysis and make sure that your SaaS vendor is meeting your availability requirements for that application, and that they have the necessary protections in place to protect that application to the same level that you would protect if it were in-house.

Q: Does Marathon offer any services to conduct this type of assessment?
Yes – this is a service that we provide for our customers. Most customers are very satisfied with the service, because it usually has an immediate ROI for their business. If you are interested in this type of service, please feel free to us at 978-489-1100.

Q: Does Marathon have any templates available to build a framework for this type of assessment?
Absolutely. From our 16+ years of working with customers on the assessment and prevention of downtime, we’ve put together an extensive list of questions to ask about the business risks and impact of downtime. Please feel free to contact us if you would like more information.

Q: How do you measure or put a price on the intangible impacts of downtime?
This can be tough to nail down, but what we recommend is developing some basic estimates. This isn’t meant to be an exact number, what we are really trying to achieve here is to prioritize applications, put them into the tiers that we discussed and make sure that you are putting the right amount of resources against the right applications. From a productivity perspective, one metric you could use is to look at the cost of employee salaries and how much it would cost in salary costs to have employees not be able to work for a certain amount of time. This is just one example.

Q: Does everRun handle quick switch over to back up site if the main site goes down?
Yes, within seconds.

Q: What are the requirements for the backup site?
The machines at the backup site are in the same pool as the primary site, so the backup machines must meet the requirements to be in the same pool as the primary site machines.

Q: How about regular data sync between main site and backup site?
Since the primary and backup site are running in lockstep mode, the application and the data are always in sync between the primary and backup sites.

Frank Ohlhorst, former Executive Technical Editor for eWeek and award-winning IT expert, was our expert guest speaker this week for the webinar, “Cut Your DR Costs and Get Better Data Protection.” During his presentation, Frank reviewed why he believes that now is the time to rethink traditional approaches to disaster recovery. He explained why the total cost of ownership for disaster recovery solutions is on the rise, and why changing data protection dynamics are making it more economical to focus your time and budget on the prevention of downtime and data loss, rather than recovery.

Below is the summary of the audience questions from the Q&A portion of the webinar.

Q: You talked about how HA can give you a geographic advantage. What do you mean by that?
Frank Ohlhorst: High availability systems are designed to work with multiple servers and there’s no reason why you can’t have those servers located hundreds or thousands of miles apart. You get a geographic advantage because your data centers is in multiple places and regional areas, so if a weather-related or other event occurs, let’s say a blizzard up north with a power outage, your data center down south can pick up the slack without kicking users off the system. The same can be said about a data center located in an area with hurricanes or other natural disasters. The geographic separation gives you added protection.
When high availability is paired with load balancing, it helps to locate the data resources closer to where the users are requesting them. Let’s say you have users in Utah, it’s better performance-wise to have them talk to the data center in Nevada rather than Virginia. It helps on that level also. HA solutions also have the tools for monitoring what is going on with your users and network, to help you plan out how you should assign users to specific data centers for the most efficiency.

Q: I understand how high availability can handle unplanned downtime, but what about planned downtime? Can it help there as well?
Frank Ohlhorst: Yes, the idea there is being as you have multiple active systems to meet the user’s needs, you can take one of those systems down for maintenance and have the users serviced by the active machines while you make the updates and improvements. Then when you are done, just resynchronize with the other systems, move the users over to those systems and update the rest of the servers.
Another great benefit of this is for testing upgrades and changes. So take one system offline and test your upgrades to see if they work properly before you return that system to production.

Q: If I have an HA solution in place, is back-up still necessary?
Frank Ohlhorst: 99% of the time the answer to that question is yes. It depends on what your corporate needs are. There are certain situations where HA might not deal with your catastrophe. Those are usually software-damaging events, like a virus infection, that winds up getting replicated across the system. Of course, that should really be part of your security planning to prevent events like that from even happening. With today’s security technologies, it’s pretty easy to prevent that. But if you did ever have one of those events, you do need something to roll-back to, and that’s where the back-up comes in to play. Ideally though, you should be preventing that type of event, because you also have the potential to lose active data if that happens. When it comes to compliance or auditing, you have to restore data relevant to that time period to meet the needs of e-discovery, compliance, accounting audits and other similar requirements. So you can’t just say, “I have HA in place, so I don’t need to back-up.”

Q: What about data de-duplication technologies, don’t they help solve this problem of managing large volumes of data?
Frank Ohlhorst: They reduce the data footprint for sure, but what we’re talking about here is availability of the data. They can certainly reduce the size of your data footprint, you can use de-dup to speed up backups. At the end of the day though, if the system or application is not accessible to the user, then it’s not available and you haven’t met your objectives. It’s a simple matter of business logic that data de-duplication can improve performance and reduce the size of the footprint, but it doesn’t solve the problem of providing access to users during catastrophic events.

Q: Do you see continuous availability and high availability as the same, and if so, how do you differentiate between the two and the costs?
Frank Ohlhorst: There was a time when those technologies were very, very different. That was way back when we relied on expensive hardware-based solutions or appliances that provided continuous availability. High availability at that time was thought of as a method to switch from one server to another using a manual process in the case of an emergency.

High Availability technology has evolved significantly since then. Now, the two are really one in the same from a planning and software point of view. Today’s HA solutions eliminate that step of manual switchover. What you see with the vendors today is automatic HA technology that really delivers continuous availability. And the cost gap today is pretty much zero, since the technology for continuous availability and high availability has evolved to be almost one in the same.

Q: With an SRDF/S-type solution, how can we get around the fact that being geographically more separated to mitigate regional disruptions can mean slower primary system response times due to the need to remain synchronous?
Frank Ohlhorst: Let’s look at this first from the ideology of what we’re trying to do which is business continuity. So, if you encounter a situation when you lose connectivity to a system and it’s still available at another location, then you’ve met the goal there of providing continuity. And you’re in much better shape than you would be at that point if you had a disaster recovery solution instead of a business continuity solution.

The question you have to ask yourself at that point in time is: Is reduced performance better than no performance at all? For most businesses, the answer is yes. For others, if the performance lag is significant enough it can impact business. In those cases, you’ll have to work out a way to develop geographically dispersed sites can that can provide enough performance to the user sets that need access to the data. You also need to make sure that your connectivity has enough bandwidth to support your BC/HA solutions, which means the ability to replicate the data in real time across the wire. You might have to invest in larger pipes for better connectivity to support that. But again, that depends on your particular business and your needs. There is no one correct answer to this question, but the good news is that there are several solutions today that can help you solve this problem and meet the levels of availability that you need for your business.

Next week Craig Resnick, research director and automation expert at ARC Advisory Group will be the guest speaker for our webinar "Best Practices for Preventing Downtime in Automation Systems."  We recently sat down with Craig to discuss some of the recent trends in the manufacturing and automation industries.

Q: What are some of the newer trends that you are seeing in the automation space?

Craig Resnick: A primary trend that we see at ARC is the convergence of automation and IT systems. Nearly every manufacturing company uses a variety of plant automation and enterprise IT systems to manage its operations. Plant floor systems, such as distributed control systems (DCS), programmable automation and logic controllers (PACs/PLCs), and a wide range of plant floor applications provide a wealth of real-time information regarding productivity, efficiency, equipment health, capability, and quality. Business systems, in turn, provide information on raw material costs, product orders and inventories, manufacturing resources, production schedules, etc. This wide range of information often remains isolated in systems such as manufacturing execution systems (MES), laboratory systems, maintenance systems, scheduling systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, supply chain management (SCM) systems, and customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Decisions based on data from any one of these system will always be less than optimal because, without the corresponding information from the other systems, the information will be incomplete.

To close this gap between automation and IT systems, and to address the trend of the plant floor becoming more IT-centric, ARC has defined a new space, defined as Collaborative Production Systems. These new systems consist of platforms in which the controls layer domains of process, logic, motion, building automation, and power control systems converge with the information layer domains of production management and MES systems. These converged systems enable, for example, the required data and information to be directly tied into applications such as corporate reporting and manufacturing compliance. Collaborative Production Systems will become the industrial blade server that provides full monitoring and control of the enterprise, from the office to the plant floor, sharing that information with the supply chain to, for example, procure materials and resources and purchase or sell power at the optimal times and prices from the smart grid, while providing full financial metrics and KPIs to ERP systems to maximize profitability.

Q: Now that corporate reporting and systems are heavily tied into the “factory floor”, how is that changing the need for system availability and data protection?

Craig Resnick: The need for system availability and data protection continues to expand, driven by a combination of issues ranging from global competition to regulatory requirements. Process safety and critical control are primarily focused on system availability and process uptime. As a specific example, take the Pharmaceutical industry, where data and batch information can never be lost or interrupted. System availability and data protection needs are also forcing E-records regulations to evolve across the globe. In the US, this includes 21 CFR Part 11, as well as the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiatives. In Europe, this includes Annex 11 of the EU GMPs, electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC, and Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. The European Data Protection Directive requires even more protection on data than the current FDA regulations and extends this requirement to clinical trials patients, as all clinical trials data requires maximum protection to remain compliant with regulations.

Unscheduled downtime is expensive. It often impacts production’s ability to meet its schedule and may cause missed customer commitments. Unplanned downtime, which also includes unexpected stoppages resulting from equipment failure, operator error, or nuisance trips, is the nemesis of all manufacturers. Statistics on the impact of unplanned downtime on plant operations show that it accounts for 2 to 5 percent of production lost in, for example, the petrochemical industry. Unscheduled downtime is also costly in terms of equipment damage, environmental harm, and worker safety. The cost of downtime is reflected in a primary key performance indicator (KPI) used by manufacturers known as Dynamic Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), which helps determine the real-time impact of the performance of any individual process or piece of equipment on the overall efficiency of the plant. Unscheduled downtime is a primary factor that significantly lowers Dynamic OEE, which translates to the manufacturer decreasing both its efficiency and profitability.

Q: What are some of the basic steps that companies can implement to ensure the availability of their systems?

Craig Resnick: The first step that companies can implement to ensure the availability of their systems is to maximize their operator’s effectiveness in the control room, which is essential to minimize the risks of accidents, eliminate unscheduled downtime, and maximize production quality. The global process industry loses $20 billion, or five percent of annual production, due to unscheduled downtime and poor quality. ARC estimates that almost 80 percent of these losses are preventable and 40 percent of those preventable losses are primarily the result of human or operator error. Maximizing operator effectiveness requires automating as many functions as technology will allow, as well as reducing complexity wherever possible. For example there are still many plants where operators monitor the processes and collect data manually or semi-automatically using chart recorders. This process is both tedious and error prone, and does not provide appropriate process insight or instill a sense of ownership among the control room operators.

The Abnormal Situation Management Consortium (ASM) points out that most incidences occur from multiple modes of failure. Preventable human error is a contributing factor to these losses, but is hardly the only cause. Preventing abnormal situations requires a multilayered multi-discipline approach focused on maximizing production throughput, efficiency and quality while minimizing lost production time and preventing damage to assets and endangerment to personnel. This approach requires deploying collaborative production systems designed and implemented to be able to deliver high levels of availability and fault-tolerance expected from any other mission critical industrial system. This typically requires effective data backup mechanisms, redundant controllers for critical applications, plus industrial grade software. Manufacturers are also deploying more fault tolerant server technology to ensure continuous availability of these mission critical applications; the continuous flow of vital products to the market; and the avoidance of the potentially negative financial, social, or environmental impact that operating without high availability fault-tolerant systems might bring.

To learn more about preventing downtime in your automation applications, be sure to attend next week's webinar where Craig will provide expert info on steps for reducing the human error that leads to downtime, how to protect your hardware, storage and networks for complete availability coverage, and how to protect against a complete site failure. You can register here.
 

It’s always interesting at this time of year to take a look back at what was top of mind for our newsletter readers. It’s also a great opportunity for you to discover a key topic that you might have missed the first time around. Here are our top 5 most downloaded articles and white papers of 2009:

1. Configuring High Availability for Windows Server 2008 Environments
2. Optimizing Exchange High Availability - A New Approach
3. Increasing Reliability and Availability in a Virtualized SQL Server Environment
4. Reduce Downtime by 70% - Without Spending a Dime
5. iX Magazine product review: vSphere 4 FT vs. Citrix XenServer with everRun VM
 

If you would like to stay current with latest trends, developments and tools in the world of high availability and disaster reocvery, be sure to sign up for our monthly newsletter by sending an email to mstec@marathontechnologies.com or click on the Resource Center and look for the sign-up box in the right column.

iX Magazin, a leading IT publication based in Germany, recently published an in-depth product comparison review of VMware’s vSphere 4 FT vs. Citrix XenServer with everRun VM in their September 2009 issue. In his article, “Fehlertolerante Systeme” or fault tolerant systems, reviewer Jörg Riether noted everRun’s ease of installation and intuitive setup process. Here’s a couple of additional highlights from the review:

“everRun has a very transparent way of handling the sudden total failure of a node without noticeable interruptions – this is true from the perspective of the administrator and from the viewpoint of the user working on the protected server. The Level 3 protected VM goes on running through each active application without any loss of performance. If the server is switched on again after being disconnected from the mains, everRun re-integrates it immediately and starts synchronization.

One of the fundamental advantages of everRun is demonstrated here: it doesn't require a data memory shared by both hosts. Marathon is able to replicate any virtual hard disks from one Xen host on the other and keep them synchronized. This eliminates the effort required for a SAN with synchronous mirroring and redundant paths as everRun itself includes the technology.”

To read the entire product review article (in English!), you can download the PDF here.

Thanks again to those who joined us for last week’s webinar, "Windows Server 2008 High Availability: Technology Comparison." The on-demand recording of last week's webinar is now available to watch at your convenience (here).

We had a lot of good questions from our attendees during the Q&A portion of the webinar, which are summarized below.

Q: How do you determine when to use an HA solution vs. a DR solution?
When it comes to availability vs. recovery, the most important question to ask is what are your recovery time objectives (RTO)? What is the amount of time your application can afford to be down? If the applications have strict requirements, then you want an availability solution. Disaster recovery is data replication often times with a failover capability, not availability. For critical applications, this may not be sufficient.

Q: If I have an HA solution in place, do I still need a solution for backup?
Availability and backup are two different things. That question comes up a lot, along with the need for disaster recovery. Backup will never likely go away completely. You still need to backup your data to ensure recovery in the future should that be necessary.

Q: Is everRun available for Linux applications?
Yes. We can provide basic failover capabilities for Linux applications today.

Q: How does everRun differ from replication solutions?
everRun 2G is used for availability, both locally and for short-distance geographic separation as well. We have a replication and recovery solution as well that can be used for disaster recovery for long distances. You should determine what your objectives are: do I have to keep my applications up and running or do I just need to recover it if something fails? What’s the recovery time objective for each application? It’s up to your individual applications and what level of protection you need for each. Often times availability is a priority as downtime is not desirable, with DR also a requirement on top of that to ensure recovery in the event of a major outage.

Q: Can everRun be used for planned downtime (i.e. to keep one host running for end-users while the application on the other host is being upgraded)?
Yes, everRun can be used to help facilitate certain system updates to reduce interruptions and mitigate risk.

Q: Can it work between two virtual machines and on x64 based systems?
Yes, we support XenServer and 64-bit hardware and Windows Server environments.

Q: What is the performance impact of using everRun 2G?
That’s variable depending on your application. It can be anywhere from 3-15%. We’ve done some performance testing specifically on XenApp and Exchange. You can download those white papers here:
• Understanding and Characterizing Performance Implications for Running Exchange 2007 with everRun
• XenApp 5.0 High Availability Performance

Q: Does Marathon offer backup solutions for everRun users?
We have methods to backup your systems and we’re working improving on our current offerings to make them quicker, easier and more granular.

Q: Can everRun work with dissimilar hardware? Can everRun work with more than two servers?
From a server standpoint, you just need similar processors; storage does not need to be similar. You can have SAN on one side and NAS on the other or any other combination. On the second question, yes, everRun will work with more than two servers. You can build a pool of servers and protect within that pool.

Q: Does everRun have backward compatibility with older OS?
Yes. It will work with Windows Server 2003, and also Windows Server 2008.

Q: Can everRun run on the Foundation Server Edition of Windows 2008?
It does not. everRun supports the full implementation of Windows Server 2008. everRun runs underneath Windows, it does not install into Windows.

Q: How does everRun handle data stored on NAS?
Storage is transparent to everRun. We look at storage as just a LUN.

Q: What is difference between everRun HA and everRun 2G in Windos Server 2003?
The differences are the ability to create multiple workloads. HA can protect one workload. everRun 2G can protect multiple workloads. There is also a new and improved graphical interface with better reporting and management capabilities.

Q: Does everRun work with XenServer 5.5?
Yes, everRun works with XenServer 5.5.

Q: Are there any changes in WS 2008 & WS 2008 R2 in the way that HA improves?
Yes. You can find an overview of those changes directly from David Hanna of Microsoft in our recent webinar and white paper “The Top 10 Reasons to Upgrade to Windows Server 2008.” You can also read the Q&A with Microsoft from that webinar here.

Q: Is everRun 2G available for Microsoft Hyper-v?
We will provide support for Hyper-v in a future release.

Q: With applications using various DNS names, how does this solution integrate with DNS changes? (failover to remote office for true DR-different IP/network)
everRun availability solutions pairs systems within the same subnet of vLAN, eliminating the need to make any DNS changes.

Q: Question is tied to what permissions are needed to do a recovery. For recovery in active Directory most items need to replicate around that there was a change and we do not want to hand out Admin control over the domain(separation of access)
everRun is designed to not require any changes to Active Directory during or after a failure or recovery.

When it comes to high availability, taking a “one-size fits all” approach is highly inefficient. I recently spoke with Carryl Roy, editor of Virtual Strategy Magazine to discuss the different levels of availability, why these are important and how to select the right level of protection for each application. We also talked about how to set recovery time objectives and how tiered or selectable availability can optimize protection with less resources and at lower costs. I discuss these topics in the video below, which is featured on the Virtual Strategy website.

Our July 30th webinar “Top 10 Reasons to Upgrade to Windows Server 2008 Now” was very well attended, and as expected, generated a lot of good questions. So many questions, in fact, that we weren’t able to answer them all during the live Q&A portion of the webinar.

For your convenience, we’ve captured all of the questions below. Answers have been provided by our speakers, David Hanna, Infrastructure Architect at Microsoft, and Michael Bilancieri, Senior Director of Products at Marathon. The questions are grouped by topic, starting with Windows Server related questions and then Marathon everRun related questions following after.

How seamless is the migration from Windows Server 2003 to 2008?
It really depends on the workload. Active Directory upgrade is similar to the 2000 to 2003 upgrade, and should not be disruptive. Cluster migrations require a rebuild of the cluster. For IIS, many applications can be migrated easily. It’s best to look on Microsoft.com for migration info that is specific to your workload. Simply introducing a Windows Server 2008 server into a 2003 environment should be seamless.

Going from Windows Server 2003 to 2008, do you recommend upgrading or re-installing the operating system?
Microsoft supports an upgrade of the OS only – no applications. Most customers however, choose to reinstall with Windows Server.

What are the hardware requirements for this Windows Server 2008?
Minimum is a 1ghz processor, 512mb of RAM, and 20GB of disk space. Details can be found here: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/system-requirements.aspx

Do you have an actual laboratory so that I can practice Windows Server 2008?
You can find the TechNet Virtual Labs here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/virtuallabs/bb512925.aspx

Any difficulties adding a Windows 2008 Server into a 2003 domain? Anything to watch out for?
Adding Windows Server 2008 Member servers to the domain should not be an issue. There are no special things to watch out for, until you start adding Domain controllers. Note that if you add a 2008 member server, and do not extend the schema, some things will be unavailable, like the enhanced DFS capabilities in 2008.

Where can I get a copy of the Windows Server 2008 trial version?
You can obtain the trial version here: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/try-it.aspx. Starting August 20th, you will be able to get R2 in the same location.

Can I do in-place upgrade AD server 2003R2 to Server 2008 without any problem? Also, can I do that same thing with Exchange 2007 server on SRV2003R2?
Microsoft only supports the upgrade of the Operating System from 2003 to 2008. We do not support the upgrade of Windows Server 2003 with applications, so the Exchange 2007 upgrade would not be supported.

Is it possible to use the same imaging deployment method for Windows 2008 physical and virtual machines (in VMware) for consistent builds?
It is possible to use traditional imaging methods for physical and virtual, however in the virtual environment, most customers tend to use template Virtual Hard disks to deploy systems, as it is faster and more flexible than imaging.

What is the difference between GPO and NAP?
Group policy is a part of Active Directory that allows for management of users and computers. NAP, or network access protection provides endpoint health checking for network clients. This integrates with network components to restrict or allow network access. Client NAP configurations can be controlled by GPO, and some GPO settings can be enforced by NAP.

Does NAP work for VPN connections as well?
Yes. It is integrated with Microsoft VPN as well as some partner solutions.

Does XP pro and 2008 Server talk well together? What’s a better path, upgrade your clients to Win7 then servers to 2008? Or vice versa?
XP will work in a 2008 domain environment, but it won’t be able to take advantage of all of the features of 2008. Vista is designed to complement 2008, and Windows 7 works best with 2008 R2 (or 2008). I would recommend deploying Windows Server 2008 for workloads that will gain the most benefit – this will allow you take advantage of it immediately. Then follow with Windows 7 when you are ready.

Do terminal servers have central management to manage users and applications?
There are a number of tools to centrally manage the environment. R2 adds a connection broker component that will publish apps from multiple servers. However, apps still need to be published on each server, and permissions need to be set that way as well. Citrix provides some great centralized mgmt tools that enhance the native tools.

Will 2008 support XP clients?
Yes. 2008 will support XP for many things including Terminal Services, with RDP 6.1 client, NAP, with XP Sp3, Group policy preferences and many other features. Windows Vista and Windows 7 however, are able to take advantage of more features.

I have two Windows 2008 servers that are going to be setup as a cluster for Exchange 2007. Is there a document for setting up the “heartbeat” connection between the two servers?
There are many documents on technet that will help. When you build the cluster, the validation wizard will check the configuration of the heartbeat network to make sure its configured appropriately. Typically, a 2 node cluster will use a cross-over cable, although a non-routed VLAN on a switch also works. Some docs:

Step-by-step guide for basic 2-node cluster: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731844(WS.10).aspx
Validating an Exchange 2007 Cluster: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb676379.aspx

Is Server 2008 with Exchange supported on VMware?
Exchange Server 2007 SP1 on Windows 2008 is supported – see here for details: http://www.windowsservercatalog.com/svvp.aspx?svvppage=svvp.htm

Is it possible to run a 2008 DC with 2003 DCs without any sort of hacks or work-arounds?
Yes – it is possible. You’ll need to extend the AD Schema and install a 2008 member server, then promote it to a DC. There are some documents here: https://blogs.msdn.com/canberrapfe/archive/2009/04/08/adding-a-2008-domain-controller-to-your-2003-forest.aspx

Regarding the NAP, once a client is quarantined, is there a policy or rule that the admin must create to get the client healthy? Meaning, is it automatic or does the client sit there until someone checks the quarantined clients and fixes the issues?
NAP can be configured to auto-remediate certain things – turning firewall on, turning on autoupdate, etc. For AV, or patches, users can be directed to a web page with simple instructions or links to update the client.

Has load balancing improved with 2008 and TS?
It has been made simpler. Many customers found NLB to be complicated for what was needed on Terminal Services. TS on 2008 uses DNS round robin for initial connection with the TS Farm, then load balancing across nodes is handled by using RDP session load balancing.

How many CALs are included in the bundle of Windows Server 2008?
There are different bundles with 5, 10, or 25 CALS. http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/pricing.aspx

How many machines can run on a single user MS Windows Server 2008, because we want to move to VMware soon.
Microsoft supports up to 192 VMs on Windows Server 2008, and 384 on Windows Server 2008 R2. Typically numbers will not be anywhere near this, as other system resources will bottleneck. Details can be found here: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-faq.aspx#HyperVWindowsServer2008Specific

Is MS Windows Server 2008 VMware built-in?
Microsoft’s virtualization solution, Hyper-V, is built in to Windows Server 2008 and R2.

How would Hyper-V handle the VMware over committing resources, for example, is ESX server only have 8GB RAM but it can assign 16GB RAM to the VMs because it holds the memory and only releases it when it is required. The main reason for Exchange on a ESX box is not a good idea.
Hyper-V does not support over-commit of memory resources. To assign 8gb of RAM to a VM, you must have 8gb available. This improves performance and security.

What happens when a file which has been transferred/shared to a branch using Branch Cache is opened in the main office? Will the branch be informed about this and vice versa?
When clients use branch cache, each file is referenced by a hash. When a client tries to retrieve a file from the central office, it checks the hash of the file, then compares it to what is in the local cache. If the file has changed, then the hash would have changed, and the client would retrieve the updated version. The branch is not informed if the central copy is opened, only if it is changed, through the hash mechanism.

What is the maximum supported DFS server in 2008? In 2003 I think it is less than 70GB and that was not enough for me.
The File Replication Service in Windows Server 2003 had trouble with replication when data sizes got too big. Windows Server 2008 uses DFS-R (Distributed File System Replication) for replication – this uses an algorithm call Remote Differential Compression, which compresses files, and replicates only changes. This makes replication more efficient, an able to support large volumes of data. The limits that existed in 2003 for data size are either removed, or raised greatly.

What is the standard vs. reduced footprint for Windows 2008?
Processor requirements for Server Core and full Windows Server 2008 are the same. Minimum memory recommendations of 512mb are also the same. While the system requirements on Microsoft.com don’t list separate requirements for Server Core, it typically requires less disk space than a full installation. Additionally, Server Core has fewer roles to install (only 9), fewer services running, and has no GUI.

Are there any plans to integrate snapshot technology within Hyper-V?
Hyper-V already supports snapshots at two levels. First, it supports snapshots of the Virtual Machine itself, through use of memory copies and differential disks. The other snapshot capability is a snapshot backup, performed by the host Hyper-V system, using Volume Shadowcopy Services to back up the running VMs.

When will Hyper-V R2 be released?
Windows Server 2008 R2 and Hyper-V R2 released to manufacturing on July 22nd. General Availability will be in October. Volume license customers should have access to the code on August 19th. More details are available here: http://blogs.technet.com/windowsserver/archive/2009/07/22/when-to-expect-windows-server-2008-r2-rtm.aspx

Can everRun protect a workload that is physical on one side and virtual on the other?
everRun does not install INTO a Windows system, so it isn’t able to protect a ‘physical’ system in this sense. Many of our customers choose to keep some of their applications isolated to a physical server with no other applications or VMs on that host while protecting them with everRun. This is done by creating a single Windows environment within the everRun environment. Although the capability is there to create multiple, a single is the desired approach.

How does everRun handle data stored on NAS?
everRun can use any product data that resides on any type of storage. everRun sees the storage repository as a disk volume and can mirror between any two.

How many licenses for the operating system do I need for this solution? Do I need two licenses for the application (i.e. Exchange) as well?
Typically two licenses of Windows are required, however the Enterprise edition provides benefits when running in virtual environments. Please check with Microsoft on this and with your application vendors as all vendors have different licensing terms for redundant/high availability systems.

How well does everRun work with dissimilar hardware (i.e. at the DR site using older servers)?
There are some requirements for similar server components. If two supported servers are utilized and one happens to have a slower processor, the application may run at the slower speed, depending on the level of protection chosen within everRun.

Does everRun replicate all server data including application data like SQL databases?
Yes. The entire operating environment and all disks, including the OS, application, and application data are mirrored.

Is everRun effective for small companies? For example, an Exchange environment for less than 200 users?
Absolutely. Many of our customers are smaller to mid-sized businesses who require an availability solution that is simple, effective, and doesn’t require SAN storage or dedicated IT staff to manage.

Does everRun support MS Small Business Server?
Yes. Our everRun solution will work with any version of Windows Server, 64-bit or 32-bit. We work for small scale solutions all the way up to enterprises.

Will everRun support Exchange 2010 DAG location geographically?
We are still researching Exchange 2010 capabilities and how they can best be supported by everRun. At this time we are not yet clear on how DAG will or can be supported.

How are system upgrades handled in the everRun environment?
A single upgrade is performed on the single exposed Windows environment. Both of the redundant systems will be updated automatically by everRun. everRun also offers mechanisms to reduce the risk and associated downtime of system upgrades.

How does the actual SQL server app run in the everRun environment?
Exactly the same as it does in a non-everRun environment. everRun sits below the Windows environment therefore there are no application changes required.

The everRun software sounds great, but it requires two physical servers. Any hope of moving forward to do the same work within a VMware or Hyper-V environment?
Today everRun supports virtualized environments running on Citrix XenServer. We announced a joint development agreement with Microsoft back in early 2009 to provide everRun Fault Tolerance within a future version of Windows/Hyper-V.

How is everRun migrated with Windows 2008 hypervisor?
everRun will support a future Windows/Hyper-V release as part of the joint development effort between Microsoft and Marathon.

What system resources are used by everRun?
A small (varies a bit by the application that is running) bit of CPU and memory overhead is consumed by everRun.
 

If you’ve been thinking about upgrading to Windows Server 2008, be sure to attend our July 30th webinar featuring guest speaker David Hanna, Information Architect at Microsoft. David will review the new Web tools, virtualization technologies, security enhancements, and management utilities available in Windows Server 2008. You’ll also have a chance to ask David any specific questions you have about Windows Server 2008 during the live Q&A portion of the webcast.

In preparation for the webinar, we asked David to answer a few of the common questions that we have been hearing from our customers in recent months.

Q: One of the biggest concerns we hear from our customers and partners is that in this current economy, IT departments are being asked to do a lot more with less people. How can Windows Server 2008 help with this issue?

Across all of my customers, everyone is talking about cutting costs, and getting more out of their current investments. When we start digging into the features of Windows Server 2008, customers are finding tremendous opportunity to optimize their environments. A few of the major areas of cost savings I’m seeing are:

• Reduced deployment time and costs with Windows Deployment Services
• Reduced management cost and effort with PowerShell and Server Manager
• Hardware and Workload Consolidation with Hyper-V
• Licensing consolidation with Enterprise and Datacenter models for virtual environments.

Q: What about the challenge of managing remote and branch office locations?

Branch offices have consistently been a challenge to manage, primarily due to lack of on-site staff. Windows Server 2008 brings some major new components to the picture that will greatly ease branch office management. These features include the Read-Only Domain controller, which makes the remote DC secure, and replaceable, Distributed File System, Windows Remote Management, Server Core (lower surface attack area), and improved Terminal Services for application delivery.

Q: A lot of our customers work in “always-on” industries like manufacturing, healthcare and broadcast media, where server downtime can be very disruptive to their business. How does Windows Server 2008 support these demanding environments?

Windows Server has always addressed high availability with Clustering Services. Windows Server 2008 has brought some huge enhancements to the Cluster Service that will reduce the complexity of clustering, while increasing availability. Failover Clustering in Server 2008 has a new validation wizard that will validate hardware and software configurations, resulting in easier, more reliable cluster deployments. The reliance on a quorum drive has also been removed, so there is no longer a single point of failure in the cluster. Also, Failover Clustering has been enhanced to support multi-site clusters to support organizations that need site-to-site failover. And, as always, when organizations need to take availability to the next level, Microsoft continues to work with partners like Marathon to extend the native capabilities of Windows Server.

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During the webinar, Michael Bilancieri, Sr. Director of Products for Marathon, will discuss how to extend the high availability features of Windows Server 2008 to fault tolerant protection with Marathon’s everRun software and how organizations can now confidently migrate mission critical applications from Unix or proprietary platforms to realize big cost savings.

Registrations for this webinar are limited and we are expecting a large turnout, so be sure to save your spot by registering today.

Bhumik Patel of Citrix has posted Part II of the Citrix and Marathon demo at SAP on his blog. Part I of Bhumik’s blog series looked at specific details on Citrix Delivery Center and the Disaster Recovery demonstration for SAP NetWeaver.

Part II covers different high availability solutions also demonstrated at SAP. In addition to this blog series, a Reference Architecture document provides all the technical details about Citrix and Marathon solutions implemented for SAP. When looking for an HA solution, various factors such as application criticality and business impact must be considered before choosing a particular solution for an application. A more detailed report on determining availability requirements can be found here.

The following video from Citrix features the Marathon everRun VM Level 3 High Availability solution demonstrated at SAP Co-Innovation Labs in Palo Alto.

We had a lot of great questions during the Q & A session of our January webinar with one of our customers. We’ve posted the questions and responses here on our blog for everyone’s benefit.

Questions for The Sullivan Group:

Q: Which everRun product are they running? everRun HA or FT?
A: everRun VM

Q: How did you migrate your VMware VMs to XenServer?
A: We used a V2V software migration tool from Visioncore that worked really well.

Q: What was the procedure when bringing back up one of the servers when the RAID card failed. How easy was it?
A: It couldn’t have been easier. Once we repaired the failed component, everRun identified it and put it back into use. everRun used a mirror copy to bring the two systems back in complete synchronization. This all happened without our intervention and without impacting our users.

Q: Was a short implementation time a demand from The Sullivan Group, and what was the expectations before the implementation?
A: Short implementation time wasn’t a hard requirement. We expected the implementation to take a couple of weeks and were pleasantly surprised when we had it all up and running in a little less than a week.

Questions for Marathon:

Q: Is there a special license for SQL? Or any other special considerations?
A: Special licensing for the applications you protect is not required. You should refer to the SQL license agreement or the agreement for the application on the VM that you are protecting. With everRun, only one instance of the application is running at any one time.

Q: Is this active active or active passive?
A: We refer to it as ‘active/ready’. The secondary VM is in a paused state, however disk and network I/O are being processed. This allows everRun to deliver fault tolerance at the component level, while immediately starting the paused VM fully in the event of a full host failure on the primary side.

Q: Do you have to install everRun prior to your application, so if I already have an application installed would I need to rebuild the production server? IF so does this change the install time and impact?
A: Assuming you have a VM set up on a host, the application can be installed before or after the VM is protected with everRun. The protection process does require the VM to be shutdown prior to beginning the protect process, however the process takes about 2 minutes to complete after which time the VM can be restarted.

Q: How does everRun handle Software or OS hangs?
A: everRun does not monitor applications.

Q: In your opinion what is the strongest difference between this and MS Clustering?
A: MS Clustering can be a nice fit, especially with applications such as SQL Server. One of the requirements for MSCS is shared storage, or a SAN. This requirement can push the cost out of reach for many small and midsized businesses. everRun does not require shared storage and can utilize any type of storage the customer may have or intend to purchase. In addition, everRun provides fault tolerance and not just failover restart. This helps to minimize interruptions typically caused by failed devices.

Q: Does everRun VM support Windows x64 architecture on VM?
A: Yes, everRun and XenServer support 64-bit hardware and software.

Q: Can VM run Windows 2008 x64? Or Windows 2003 x64?
A: Citrix XenServer supports VMs running Windows 2008 64-bit and Windows 2003 64-bit. Currently everRun VM can protect VM’s running Windows Server 2003, 32-bit and 64-bit. Our next release planned for calendar Q2 09 will support Windows Server 2008 32-bit and 64-bit VM’s.

Q: How much overhead do you have when you protect a VM?
A: When protecting a VM you are able to define how much of a particular resource is to be utilized and reserved. This helps to reduce the amount of resources required for protecting VM’s. Performance overhead can vary depending on if it is I/O heavy, CPU heavy, what the application is, etc. Typically however performance overhead is not impactful.

Q: Is everRun tied to a VM on a particular physical XenServer, what would happen if you used XenServer technology to move to another physical server?
A: Once a VM is protected with everRun, it is hard-configured to two physical hosts. everRun allows online migration of the active VM between these two hosts without interruption. To move one or both VM’s in the protected pair to a different host would require it to be unprotected, migrated if necessary, and protected again with the new host.

Q: Please speak about XenServer integration, process for failover to DR site?
A: everRun has a tight integration with XenServer. everRun is installed on top of XenServer and is completely compatible and able to protect Windows VMs created in XenCenter. During the protection process, everRun takes the chosen VM and clones it to the designate secondary host. This creates a complete and identical VM on the secondary host. everRun maintains these two VM synchronously so that they are always identical. everRun’s unique architecture exposes these two mirrored VM’s as a single VM; there is no need to install, manage, or update both sides, only the one single instance of the OS/application. Should the entire ‘primary’ host fail, the ‘secondary’ host will immediately start the cloned VM. It comes up with the same IP address, hostname, and MAC address of the primary so that there are no client-side, DNS, Active Directory, or other infrastructure changes required.

Q: Will everRun run on x64?
A: Yes, it requires 64-bit servers.

Q: I assume the servers must match i.e. memory, HD space and memory as well as other array controllers and type of arrays?
A: The only requirement for similarities within the servers is same family of processors. everRun can mirror storage between dissimilar storage types and vendors, allowing lower-cost storage to be deployed on the ‘secondary’ host.

Q: Is everRun for virtual servers XenServer specific, or does it work with Hyper-V, Virtual Iron, etc.?
A: Today everRun is developed for XenServer. In January we announced a development and marketing agreement with Microsoft, we will be developing an everRun product for Hyper-V as well.

Q: What if the server is up but a single app on the server fails? Also, how do you detect the app failed?
A: everRun does not monitor applications. However if by ‘single app’ you mean a single VM, everRun does protect at the individual VM level. If a VM fails yet the host and other VM’s remain alive, everRun can restart the VM on the secondary host.

Q: Do you have to purchase redundant licenses for the applications that you have replication as Virtual Machines across two physical servers? For example, do you have to purchase double the Exchange licenses to do it or just the licenses as if you had a single server?
A: You would need to refer to the license agreement for each application. With everRun, the application is running as a single instance and many vendors don’t require two licenses, but this varies between vendors.

Q: Can you have full fault tolerance on XenApp servers between 2 datacenters, where users would not be disconnected from their session if a failover occurred?
A: everRun can certainly protect XenApp as it can protect any Windows application. A number of customers are using everRun to protect XenApp today. The ability to separate between data centers (there are latency requirements due the synchronous nature of everRun) will be available in Q2. To prevent session disconnects will require Level 3 protection, or full System-Level Fault Tolerance, which will also be available for everRun VM in Q2.

Q: Can the VM servers be in different data centers across a WAN behind firewalls?
A: The ability to separate servers geographically will be available in Q2.

Q: Are there general guidelines on the number of VM's that can be protected between two host machines? I'm thinking of SQL Server systems hosting highly transactional databases.
A: The answer to this is dependent on the applications running within the VM’s, hardware, and activity within them, so providing a set number of VM’s would not be practical. Please contact Marathon if you would like to discuss your environment to better understand what VM limits may be suitable.

Q: How can you use the USB interface, for example when software requires a dongle?
A: everRun does not redirect the USB interface to a protected VM.

As many of you know, one of the key components of everRun VM is the ability to dial up or dial down the level of availability needed to protect business-critical applications. With buzz surrounding the release of Citrix’ XenServer 5, we have been approached with questions like “what should I use to protect my low-priority applications” and “how do I know when something should or shouldn’t be protected with the lockstep option?” To help explain the three levels of availability and when they would be used, we’ve put together these tips:

LEVEL 1: BASIC FAILOVER WITH XENSERVER HA
The first level of availability, basic failover and recovery, is appropriate for applications where recovery is not absolutely critical, and where manual intervention, while not desirable, is acceptable. These may include infrastructure applications or dev and test systems.
XenServer HA provides:

LEVEL 2: COMPONENT-LEVEL FAULT TOLERANCE WITH everRun VM
For applications with business-critical roles, everRun VM provides component-level fault tolerance: the ability to withstand the loss of an individual network or storage component without interruption or downtime.
The attributes of Level-2 availability include:

LEVEL 3: SYSTEM-LEVEL FAULT TOLERANCE WITH everRun VM AND LOCKSTEP OPTION
For the most mission-critical systems, Marathon everRun VM with Lockstep Option provides system-level fault tolerance, with continuous availability in the face of component or system-wide failures. Level 3 will be available in 2009 and offers protection for systems that cannot experience any downtime and must maintain transaction state at all costs. everRun VM with Lockstep Option offers all of the benefits of everRun VM (Level 2), together with:

For more information on the different levels of availability please visit here.

Last week at VMworld we demonstrated our everRun VM Lockstep Option for Citrix XenServer 5. Despite the decrease in foot traffic on the show floor, the turnout was much higher than expected. High airline prices (or possibly just the Vegas night life :)) may have kept some people away, but we presume our high turnout was a result of the increase in innovative sessions and seminars.

For those of you who weren’t able to attend or were there but didn’t get an up-close look at our everRun VM Lockstep demo, Michael Keen (a.k.a. C1tr1xguru) shot this video of our CTO, Jerry Melnick, giving an in-depth demonstration of system-level fault tolerance for virtual environments. Thanks for stopping by Michael.

Our demonstration gave visitors an inside look at all three levels of availability:

1. XenServer HA: Level One: Failover High Availability standard with XenServer 5 Enterprise and Platinum Editions for failure detection and auto-restart and failover capabilities applications that cannot endure extended periods of downtime.

2. everRun VM: Level Two: Component-Level Fault Tolerance for business-critical applications, which require little or no downtime (such as ERP and CRM).

3. everRun VM Lockstep Option: Level Three: System-Level Fault Tolerance (available Q1 2009) for the most critical applications, which require zero downtime and zero data loss.

If you had a chance to attend the demonstration we would love to hear your feedback.

We all like to think that we will be prepared in the event of an emergency, or a disaster. Hospitals exist if we fall sick; fire stations surround us if flames break loose; we are constantly preparing so if a catastrophe strikes, we are ready.

Preparing for a system’s disaster is no different. However, how to go about preparing for an event like this can be confusing. There are many options out there when it comes to protecting your system, each best suited for specific requirement. Unfortunately, many vendors use terms like disaster recovery and high availability interchangeably to describe their solutions when in fact they are usually designed for one or the other.

Disaster Recovery (DR) is the way to recover applications and from a system failure. DR is a reactive solution where if a failure occurs, IT relocates the data, builds the system over, and brings everything back up to working order. This takes time, a precious commodity that typically businesses relying on critical applications don’t have. In addition, recovering applications could bring about a number of side effects which you really don’t want to endure every time some minor failure happens.

But what if I could tell you that instead of worrying about how to recover from a computer system failing, you could simply prevent it from occurring at all?

Disaster tolerance (DT) is a proactive way to prevent system failure from impacting application and data availability. A disaster tolerant solution isn’t going to recover the data if there’s a disaster. Instead it will tolerate the fault if a disaster occurs – keeping an organization’s critical applications up and running at all times. It is not recovery, but rather prevention. And with solutions like our everRun SplitSite, separate servers don’t even need to be in the same building – they can be up to 100 miles apart with fault-tolerant protection between the two locations.

DR solutions are good for applications that can afford some downtime while you recover them. But for essential applications like Microsoft Exchange, SQL, and SharePoint, which need to be available all the time, disaster tolerance is often the best way to go.

So what combination of DT and DR protection would work best for your company’s applications?

We were fortunate to attend the 2008 Citrix Synergy event last week, which the folks at Citrix did a great job hosting. For those that weren’t able to attend, make sure you check out the “underground community” they set up. You can see a video of Michael Bilancieri and Steve Keilen from Marathon, demonstrating everRun VM. Go to menu, browse on demand library, Synergy on-site video, and then scroll down towards the bottom and you’ll see Marathon Technologies everRun VM – Fault Tolerance for Citrix.

In addition, David Marshall recorded this brief podcast discussing how everRun enhances the functionality of Citrix XenServer.

As always, if you have any questions for us, feel free to leave a comment.

After much speculation and blogosphere rumors, we decided it was time to let the cat out of the bag and officially launch everRun VM! Of course, for an announcement this big, we thought unveiling the news LIVE right here on the blog was the best way to inform the press, analysts and general public about the new product we’ve been working so hard on. So, tell your friends you heard it here first!

Wait a minute? The release crossed the wire this morning? Gary, Michael, Steve and Jerry have already been talking to the press?

Well, then….

You Heard it Here… Eighth (or Ninth)!!!

We’ve included some links to the everRun VM coverage below. We’ll keep you posted on the progress of everRun VM beta testing and the feedback we receive from testers. In the meantime, enjoy the articles and leave us a comment if your interested in learning more about the product. As you can tell from all the quotes in these articles, we’re always happy to talk!

Marathon Releases Virtual HA, Fault Tolerance
Byte and Switch
http://www.byteandswitch.com/document.asp?doc_id=149019&WT.svl=news2_1

Marathon's Virtualization Tool Simplifies Disaster Recovery
CIO
http://www.cio.com/article/print/202350

Get fault tolerant virtual servers
Computerworld
http://blogs.computerworld.com/get_fault_tolerant_virtual_servers

Marathon Launches Fault-Tolerant Software For Server Virtualization
CRN
http://www.crn.com/hardware/206905384

Marathon extends fault tolerance to VMs
IDG

• CIO
  http://www.cio.com/article/202450/Marathon_Extends_Fault_Tolerance_to_VMs
• InfoWorld
  http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/03/24/Marathon-extends-fault-tolerance-to-VMs_1.html
• Network World
  http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/032408-marathon-extends-fault-tolerance-to.html

everRun VM Hits the Ground Running
Virtual Strategy Magazine
http://www.virtual-strategy.com/vsm-podcasts/everrun-vm-hits-the-ground-running.html

The process of detecting a device or system failure and taking appropriate action. Actions could include a fail-out process, in which the fault is masked from the operating environment and end-users, or failover in which a restart is immediately and automatically initiated. An appropriately implemented fault management process should help to eliminate interruptions during failures to provide a measure of fault tolerance.